Past Simple Active

Affirmatives

Questions

Negatives

I

You

He

She

It

We

They


Ved

or

V2



Did

I

you

he

she

it

we

they



V

I

You

He

She

It

We

They



did + not



V

V - verb (глагол)

Past simple for to be (был/была/было/были)

Affirmatives

Questions

Negatives

I

He

She

It

was

Was

I

he

she

it

I

He

She

It

was+not

You

We

They

were

Were

you

we

they

You

We

They

were+not


Time expressions

a week, etc. ago;

in former times

that/those, etc.

ago

in olden times

then

formerly

in the (good) old days

three days/weeks/etc.

How long ago…?

in the past

when

in 1997/etc.

in yesteryear

yesterday

in days of old

last night/week/month/year/Tuesday/etc.

yesterday afternoon /evening/morning/night/noon

in days of yore

once (upon a time)


in days/years/times gone by

previously



Meanings

Examples

Single completed actions.

Sony and Philips invented the CD in the early 1980s.

Repeated actions in the past.

We decorated our flat quite often when I was a child.

Habitual actions in the past.

When the neighbourhood boys teased me, I ran away and hid.

General truths about the past.

Early fridges were usually very heavy.

Permanent situations and states in the past.

It was true, that we knew each other very well and forgave each other's faults.

Lists of past successive events.

I wrote a letter, sealed it and went to the post.

Details of «news».

When and where did you get this bruise?

Stative verbs in the past temporary situations.

When I was listening, I believed every word he was saying.

Condition and time clauses in the past context.

He promised to lend me his laptop whenever I needed it.

I wish (that) somebody/smth.

I wish that it were not cold here.

It is time (that) somebody/smth.

It is high time that he arrived.

I would rather (that) somebody/smth.

I would rather that she apologised.

I would sooner (that) somebody/smth. (present or future preferences and desires)

I would sooner that they invested in our business.

Comment on more examples

  1. I had a terrible night, I turned and wound all night.
  2. He spent a weekend in London.
  3. I flew back home last evening.
  4. The dog seized the meat and bit a piece off.
  5. As the ice melted away, the river rose in dangerous floods.
  6. We beat that team for the second time.
  7. She made a bet that her favourite team would win.
  8. The driver lost control when a tyre burst.
  9. The fishermen cast a large net around a school of tuna.
  10. The man flung a look back along the way he had come. (J. London )
  11. As he turned to go on, he spat speculatively. (J. London)
  12. … through this channel of poverty and inaction the Continent sped its wealth and industry. (Joyce)
  13. There lay a huge and almost endless forest.
  14. I sought the nearest excitement.
  15. The excitement in the room rose to fever pitch. (W. Collins)
  16. The vassal of Luck slid upon the seat by her side with complaisance. (O. Henry)
  17. Hartley cast a quick, critical, appreciative glance at her before speaking, and told himself that his taste in choosing had been flawless.
  18. My spirits sank.

More practice with Dual-Grammar Choice

  1. One day when I went to get the mail, I found/have found a strange letter addressed to my house.
  2. We restored/were restoring the old stone house as a self-catering accommodation not so long ago.
  3. They spent /were spent a few days at the 300-year-old hotel.
  4. We been ordered/ ordered in a seafood platter to eat in the garden.
  5. Christopher Columbus never had known/knew why he failed to find Asia.
  6. Vespucci talked/has talked several Spanish sailors into taking him along on their westward voyages.
  7. The mapmaker named/was named a discovered land America in honour of Amerigo Vespucci.
  8. Police investigated/was investigating the murder of a businessman and the disappearance of his family a year ago.
  9. A five-day excavation deep in the Devon countryside has come/came to a halt last week.
  10. Rural populations across Eurasia used to/used cannabis as a food crop.
  11. The ancient Romans loved/had loved food additive that enhanced flavour and ate/were eating them with almost every meal.
  12. When the Roman Empire collapsed, they were put/put taxes on the salt.
  13. The pirates started/were starting destroying the cities and the industries nearby the coast.
  14. When taste buds were discovered in the 19th century, tongue cells under a microscope looked/had looked like little keyholes into which bits of food might fit, and the idea persisted /persisting that there were four different keyhole shapes.
  15. Escoffier was created/created meals that tasted like no combination of salty, sour, sweet and bitter; they were tasting/ tasted new.
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