uk
enData Interpreting
Analysis of details, the most striking features, comparison and contrast
Vocabulary to show the changes while analyzing the main features in detail
Verbs for upward movement
| accrued | The interest will accrue… |
| ascend | The figures of benefits ascend lineally... |
| climb | The shares climbed steadily. |
| enlarge | The scope of expenditures got enlarged... |
| escalate | The escalating prices... |
| exceed | Production costs exceed… |
| expand | The data on expanding trade... |
| go beyond | — |
| go up | — |
| grow | The figures of student enrollmentgrew. |
| heighten | The growing trends are heightened by… |
| improve | The pattern has improved rapidly. |
| increase | The overall sale of the company has increased by…. |
| intensify | The gap between …. is intensified by… |
| jump | Exports jumped by 500 percent during the decade. |
| leap | Sales leaped 40 percent during the Christmas season. |
| mount | The costs mount up. |
| move upward | — |
| overshadow | The organic materials often overshadows the other qualities. |
| overtake | Germany rapidly overtook Britain in industrial output. |
| reach a peak / a maximum | The final figure has reached its peak so far… |
| rise | The expenditure of the office has risen. |
| rocket(ed) | The number of… has rocketed from its minimal position to… |
| scale | The variables are scaled in various ways. Manufacturing capacity has been scaled up. |
| shoot up | The amount of… shot up suddenly. |
| skyrocket | The figures of production have skyrocketed. |
| soar | The cost of living soared by…. |
| strengthen | The dollar strengthened against most other currencies. |
| surge | Shares surged to a record high. |
| surpass | Pre-recession levels of production were surpassed in... |
| swell | The population was swollen by a number of refugees. |
| top | Sales are expected to top 13 mln. |
| transcend | The results transcend normal limits or boundaries and go beyond them. |
| uplift | The amount of precipitation will uplift due to… |
| upsurge | upsurge in economic activity |
(Adjectives) + nouns for upward movement
a rise / an increase / an upward trend / a growth / a leap / a jump / an improvement / a climb, an upward trend / an upward tendency / a ceiling trend / an ascending trend, etc
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Verbs for downward movement
| collapse | Some cots collapse down... |
| decline | The birth rate continued to decline. |
| decrease | The rate of decrease became greater. |
| descend | The categories are listed in descended order of usefulness. |
| deteriorate | Deteriorating economic conditions... |
| diminish | The expenditures have finally diminished. |
| dip | Profits slightly dip. |
| dive | The company's share price dived 19 % overnight. |
| drop | The temperature dropped to the freezing point. |
| fall | The temperature has fallen below zero. The cost of meat finally fell. |
| go down | Income from sales tax went down…Crime has gone down 70 percent…Average life expectancy went down from about 70 to 67. |
| go into free-fall | Pre-recession levels of production went into free fall. |
| lessen | A lessening of tension... |
| plummet | The prices are plummeting (down). |
| plunge | Shares in the company plunged 18p on news that profits had fallen. |
| reduce | The number of priority homeless cases has reduced slightly. |
| scale down | - |
| sink | The shares sank yet again. |
| slide | The economy slid from recession to depression. |
| slum | The prices have rapidly slummed down. |
| take a nosedive | The economy rates took nosedive. |
(Adjectives) + nouns for downward movement
- a collapse
- a decline
- a decrease
- a descending trend
- a downfall
- a downward tendency
- a downward tendency
- a downward trend
- a downward trends
- a drop
- a fall
- a reduction
- a slide
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Steadiness, stand-ability, flatness
- evel out
- immutable
- keep steady
- lasting
- level(ed) off
- level(ed) out
- permanent
- plateau
- plateaued
- prevail(ed) consistency
- reach a plateau
- remain constant
- remain fixed
- remain homogeneous
- remain invariable
- remain regular
- remain stable
- remain static
- remain steady
- remain the same
- remain unfluctuating
- remain uniform
- remain(ed) unchanged
- stabilize
- stand at
- stay(ed) uniform
- steadfast
- stop falling / rising
- unaltered
- unchanged
(Adjectives) + nouns for steadiness
- a flat
- a plateau
- a stability
- a static
- a steadiness
- constant
- firm
- no change
- permanent trend
- stable
- unfaltering
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Verbs of ups and downs
- by leaps and bounds
- fluctuate
- move erratically
- move spasmodically
- move unevenly/ intermittently
- move up and down
- oscillate
- palpitate
- rise and fall irregularly
- vacillate
- vary
- wave
Nouns of ups and downs
- fluctuations
- oscillations
- palpitations
- vacillations
- waves
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Adjectives and adverbs for changes and differences
Rapid changes
- a marked
- a maximal change
- a quick rise
- a rapid
- a sharp
- a significant increase / rise
- a steep increase/decrease
- considerable
- dramatic
- hurried
- noticeable
- quick
- rapid
- sharp
- significant
- speedy
- substantial
- swift
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- considerably
- dramatically
- hurriedly
- noticeably
- quickly
- rapidly
- rocketly
- sharply
- significantly
- speedily
- steeply
- substantially
- swiftly
Moderate changes
- a corresponding rise
- gradual
- moderate
- progressive
- sequential
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- gradually
- moderately
- progressively
- sequentially
- somewhat
Steady changes
- a gradual change
- a steady
- ceaseless
- ceaselessly
- steadily
Slight changes
- a marginal rise
- a very small change
- insignificant
- mild
- minimal
- minor
- minute difference
- negligible
- slow
- tedious
- tiny difference
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- fractionally
- marginally
- mildly
- partly
- slightly
- slowly
- tediously
Fluctuating changes
- fluctuations
- oscillations
- palpitations
- vacillations
- variations
- waves
Merging and interlacing patterns
- alternation
- amalgamating
- confluence
- convergence
- flowing together
- interception
- interflowing
- interlacing
- inter-lapping
- interleaving
- intermittence
- intersection
- joining
- merging
- overlapping
- rotating
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Contrasting and comparing data
We can interpret and compare data from diagrams, graphs, bar charts, pie charts.
There can be a horizontal and vertical axes, sectors or slices of the pie chart.
We analyze the main similarities and differences.
We use numerical and the expressions of approximation
- a little less than
- a little more than
- about
- almost
- an equal number of
- approximately
- around
- as many / much / little / few as
- as much/many as…
- by far the most / least
- completely different
- exactly
- exactly the same number of
- just about
- just around
- just below
- just over
- just under
- just under
- more / fewer / less
- more or less
- more or less the same
- more than
- much / far / a lot more / fewer
- nearly
- over half/twice/three times
- roughly
- the majority
- the minority
- three times more expensive than…
- totally
- upwards of / downwards of…
- very nearly
We use comparing and contrasting links
- as against / as opposed to (to compare two figures or pieces of information)
- by comparison / in comparison
- compared to / compared with
- draw a parallel
- draw an analogy
- in contrast / by contrast
- in proportion
- in relation to
- liken smb/smth
- make / draw a comparison
- make / draw a distinction between
- next to / beside (our problem seems trivial next to that faced by… their achievements pale beside his)
- unlike
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Percentage, Portion and Numbers
Percentages
- 10% increase
- 25 percent decrease
- 3 times lower
- 5 times as high as…
- 5 times higher
- declined to about 49%
- double fold
- doubled
- dropped by 10 per cent
- fall at 50%
- half
- increased by 15%
- one-fourth
- reached to 75%
- stood exactly at 43%
- the largest /highest percentage
- three quarters
- treble
- tripled
Fractions
- 4% = A tiny fraction.
- 24% = Almost a quarter.
- 25% = Exactly a quarter.
- 26% = Roughly one quarter.
- 32% = Nearly one-third, nearly a third.
- 49% = Around a half, just under a half.
- 50% = Exactly a half.
- 51% = Just over a half.
- 73% = Nearly three quarters.
- 77% = Approximately three quarters, more than three-quarters.
- 79% = Well over three quarters.
Proportions
- 2% = A tiny portion, a very small proportion.
- 4% = An insignificant minority, an insignificant proportion.
- 16% = A small minority, a small portion.
- 70% = A large proportion.
- 72% = A significant majority, A significant proportion.
- 89% = A very large proportion
- correlation
- in direct proportion / in inverse proportion
- ratio / at a ratio of three to one / inverse ratio / in direct ratio / in inverse ratio
- quotient
- the highest / largest / lowest / smallest proportion
Gap = discrepancy = disparity
the discrepancy between the two sets of figures: inconsistency, difference, disparity, variance, variation, deviation, divergence, disagreement, dissimilarity, dissimilitude, mismatch, lack of similarity, contrariety, contradictoriness, disaccord, discordance, incongruity, lack of congruence, incompatibility, irreconcilability, conflict, opposition.
ANTONYMS similarity, correspondence
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Conclusion
Conclusion optionally (General statement + Implications, significant comments)
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